Unsettled Christianity

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August 22nd, 2011

Dr. Mohler, there really isn’t a fire there

Jason has linked to an article by Dr. Mohler which purports that their is a controversy about the existence of Adam and Eve. There is no controversy, expect when the liberals, i.e., ‘literalists’, deem it necessary to speak about the authority of Scripture and impose upon the ancient authors their own viewpoints.

Giberson then wrote: “The Bible is not a book. It is a library — dozens of very different books bound together. The assumption that identifying one part as fiction undermines the factual character of another part is ludicrous. It would be like going into an actual physical library and saying ‘Well, if all these books about Harry Potter are fictional, then how do I know these other books about Abraham Lincoln are factual? How can Lincoln be real if Potter is not?’ And then ‘Aha! I have got you! So much for your library.’”

That is an amazing and deeply troubling paragraph. Giberson uses the metaphor of the Bible as a library of books — a metaphor popularized by emergent church author Brian McLaren. But Giberson then goes where many others lack the courage and candor to go — he is ready to identify part of the Bible as “fiction.” In his words, “The assumption that identifying one part as fiction undermines the factual character of another part is ludicrous.”

What can his argument mean but that Adam is to be understood as like Harry Potter, a fictional character, while Jesus is like Abraham Lincoln, an historical figure who really existed?

It is a library and no one can expect to find all the books alike. It was written over a millenia or more, but lots of different authors, using different languages and sitting in different situations. Ruth contradicts Ezra. Eccl contradicts all of the Bible. Mohler is heating up an argument that doesn’t need to be. Further, Giberson has a moronic moment in using the word fiction, considering that that concept really don’t come into being until recently, relatively, and cannot be applied to any particular book, passage, or the such of the bible because even in the parables, it was not modern fiction. And as far as McLaren making the term popular, it is only because it would have gotten it from the Thompson-Chain Reference bibles which I grew up with, which included in the middle section notes on how the ‘Bible’ is a library.

Oddly enough, the Greek words which we have corrupted to mean ‘bible’ means ‘the books’ and refers to the plural books, i.e., IT IS NOT A SINGULAR BOOK, of the Scriptures. Paul, when he refers to the writings of the Jews always has it a plural. What do you call a set of books by different authors? Oh, a Library… that’s right… a library. We, who are inept in theology and history, have chosen to call it a ‘bible’, singular, when it doesn’t even refer to itself as that. Ironically, that’s why I try to call the holy writings by the plural form, usually Scriptures, because ‘bible’ is as foreign term to it. So, I reckon, if you are a liberal, you can continue to call it ‘Book.’

Jason is correct, however, in stating that there is a thematic element to the library. I would urge anyone to read The Great Code or N.T. Wright about narrative themes. And his link to his own posts about identifying the themes of the bible. Personally, I find great value in identifying those themes and they are indeed a blessing.

By the way, please don’t take this an attack on Dr. Mohler. Dr. Mohler is a man of God who deeply loves the Church, but I think he is wrong on this issue.

P.S…. there is no physical evidence that Adam and Eve existed, except in an extremely, authority-denying, reading of the Text.

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August 9th, 2011

My Turn – NPR and the Evolving Question of Adam and Eve

Painting from Manafi al-Hayawan (The Useful An...

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It is not about whether or not Adam and Eve existed - it is about whether or not what the story actually meant exists. What if Adam represented Israel or some smaller group of primitive peoples? Adam in of himself doesn’t exist, but those people do. Thus, the story remains true, with the meaning existing, but Adam, who was never meant to exist anyway, doesn’t. What is at stake here is not the inspiration of Scripture, but our own private interpretations, and very much, our doctrinal pride.

I am amazed that as open-minded people come, as serious as they are about studying, as moved by the Spirit of Knowledge to seek God’s Truth, they still, often times still come down to a black and white view.

From NPR:

But now some conservative scholars are saying publicly that they can no longer believe the Genesis account. Asked how likely it is that we all descended from Adam and Eve, Dennis Venema, a biologist at Trinity Western University, replies: “That would be against all the genomic evidence that we’ve assembled over the last 20 years, so not likely at all.”

Um… what if we were never really meant to understand all of humanity descended from Adam and Eve but that they represented a covenantal people which fell? Or some yet actually undiscovered notion…

But, I love statements like this:

“From my viewpoint, a historical Adam and Eve is absolutely central to the truth claims of the Christian faith,” says Fazale Rana, vice president of Reasons To Believe, an evangelical think tank that questions evolution. Rana, who has a Ph.D. in biochemistry from Ohio University, readily admits that small details of Scripture could be wrong.

No. Jesus Christ is the absolutely central truth of the claims of the Christian Faith. That’s why Christianity has become what it has in the eyes of many – because Jesus Christ is no longer the ‘absolute central’ anything in the Christian Faith.

Anyway, James McGrath has a post up with links to others.

Everyone else, go read John Walton’s book, Lost World of Genesis One.

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June 14th, 2011

Another Response to Tim Keller and the Mythological Adam

First, as always, see my post in which I respond to Tim Keller. Mike titles his response to Keller as:

A Response to Tim Keller’s “Killer Argument” Against Theistic Evolution.

But, I would caution against such a title because Keller has already allowed for Theistic Evolution.

But, Mike goes on to state his response to the notion of a historical Adam and Eve. It’s worth a read.

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June 13th, 2011

Tim Keller, ANE Myths, τύπος, and the Mythological Adam

Tim Keller – THE GOSPEL COALITION – supports the allowance of science to teach about God’s Creation. Further, he understands the nature of myth:

Kenneth Kitchen, however, protests that this is not how things worked. The prominent Egyptologist and evangelical Christian, when responding to the charge that the flood narrative (Gen 9) should be read as “myth” or “proto-history” like the other flood-narratives from other cultures, answered:

The ancient Near East did not historicize myth (i.e. read it as imaginary “history”). In fact, exactly the reverse is true—there was, rather, a trend to “mythologize” history, to celebrate actual historical events and people in mythological terms.

In other words, the evidence is that Near Eastern “myths” did not evolve over time into historical accounts, but rather historical events tended to evolve over time into more mythological stories. Kitchen’s argument is that, if you read Genesis 2-11 in light of how ancient Near Eastern literature worked, you would conclude, if anything, that Genesis 2-11 were “high” accounts, with much compression and figurative language, of events that actually happened. In summary, it looks like a responsible way of reading the text is to interpret Genesis 2-3 as the account of an historical event that really happened.

He goes on to speak about the use of Adam in Paul’s writings, specifically, Romans 5. He is correct, that for the bible to retain the authority traditionally assigned to it, that we must allow the authors to retain their authority of interpretation:

When you refuse to take a biblical author literally when he clearly wants you to do so, you have moved away from the traditional understanding of biblical authority.

But, again, what if we are applying to Paul the strict literalism of a physically identifiable pair when his rhetoric may in fact imply something different? Do we continue to force Paul to abide by our understanding of him, or allow that we may not completely understand him? Paul calls Adam a tupos,

ἀλλὰ ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ θάνατος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ μέχρι Μωϋσέως καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ ἁμαρτήσαντας ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδὰμ ὅς ἐστιν τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος.

That particular word is used in the Maccabean books to represent a pattern or an example (3 Maccabees 3:30; 4 Maccabees 6.19). Why then would a pattern need to be ‘real’ any more than some of the opponents in Galatians and the letters of Ignatius need to be? What? You say you don’t know rhetoric or the criticism in this field being used to reach into the mind of Paul who was arguably, the greatest rhetorician of his day? What if Paul was using the story of Adam as a pattern or an example? Does a physical identifiable pair, etched forever in history, need to have actually existed  for Paul to have used it to show to the Jewish readers the pattern fulfilled by Christ?

Paul was using history, of that I am assured of; however, he doesn’t need to be a literalist in the modern sense.

Click here for another response to Keller.

 

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June 11th, 2011

A Philosophical take on Adam and Eve

It may be that at some point in our past — a hundred thousand years or so ago — humans went through some kind of bottleneck, but we are still looking at a population of 10,000 or so. Moreover, even if all humans are descended from one woman — “Mitochondrial Eve” — no one thinks that we are descended only from one woman. Or that that woman and her mate were in any significant sense different from their parents or their contemporaries.

In other words, science tells us that Adam and Eve are fictions. That Saint Paul or Uncle Tom Cobley and all thought otherwise is irrelevant. They were wrong. This is not to say that they were stupid or careless. Two thousand years ago, for a Jew to believe in Adam and Eve was perfectly sensible. But time moves on and with it our understanding of the world around us, and old beliefs have to give way to new ones. Aristotle thought that some people were born to be slaves. He was wrong. St. Paul thought we are descended from Adam and Eve. He was wrong.

Michael Ruse: Adam and Eve Didn’t Exist. Get Over It!.

Ugh… bad theology urges more bad theological answers. Ruse is ‘okay’ but honestly, he needs to study more and not assume that every Jew 2000 years ago believed what we have told them that they believed – or Paul for that matter.

Poor guy – I bet he believes that the earth rotates around the sun as well.

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June 10th, 2011

Overemphasizing Adam

Let me start off with what I’m not saying. I’m not saying that Adam is unimportant.

With that out of the way, in some discussions I’ve glanced at lately, I do think that some assign more importance to Adam than necessary. What I’m referring to is the idea of “no literal Adam = no Jesus.”  Perhaps someone has covered this ground already. In fact, I hope they have, and I’m a late to the game. Only my schedule has flown all over the map this summer.

I’ll just make three brief points about “no literal Adam = no Jesus.” First, I don’t think this does justice to relative lack of a role Adam plays in the rest of the bible, in general, and Hebrew Bible, in particular.  I know that some people read parts of the Hebrew Bible, but I’d swear that the only part that many pay attention to is Genesis 1-5.

Many people don’t realize that the Hebrew Bible contains only one undisputed reference to Adam outside of Genesis 1-5.  The reference comes in the genealogy in 1 Chronicles 1:1.  The word Adam in Hosea 6:7 is likely referring to a place as in Joshua 3:16.

The New Testament, in general, also contains very few references to Adam, especially outside of the epistles attributed to Paul.  The only time a gospel writer explicitly mentions Adam is Luke’s inclusion of him in Jesus’ genealogy.

At this point, I would ask the question: Does “no literal Adam = no Jesus” make more out of Adam than scripture actually does?  The Bible came along just fine, at least from my perspective, without mentioning Adam nearly as often as some groups seem intent on mentioning him in modern times.

Second, I would mention another related point.  Since the Hebrew Bible makes little reference to Adam outside of Genesis 1-5, messianic hopes develop among a people for whom, in their scriptures, Adam does not play that significant of a role, especially compared to say … Moses, who has four whole books devoted to his activities.  In light of this, I don’t think it makes sense to say “no literal Adam = no Jesus.”  A person can still have messianic hopes without having everything hinge on Adam as evidenced by many Jews in modern times who maintain messianic hopes while not having a doctrine akin to the Christian doctrine of original sin.

Finally, from my perspective, it is not Jesus’ connection with a literal Adam that imbues his death with utmost significance, but rather his resurrection from the dead.  I doubt seriously New Testament authors would really have thought to relate Jesus back to Adam if they did not believe he had been raised from the dead.

At any rate, this is my two cents.  I think we must discuss Adam.  Yet I also believe that the relative importance that we attach to him often does not reflect the relative importance of he plays within the whole of either the Jewish or Christian scriptures.

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June 7th, 2011

Jesus Creed on The Search for the Historical Adam

This is in response to the article currently making the rounds

I am not convinced, though, that the editors at Christianity Today have accurately defined the stakes in the discussion. In particular it seems to me that the description of the gospel as problem (Adam’s sin) and solution (Christ’s life, death, and resurrection) is not a sufficiently complete understanding of the story we have in Scripture. I don’t think the incarnation is a response to a problem, rather it is a part of the plan of God from the very beginning. Whether we have Adam, Eve, a garden and an apple, or some other history represented by this story, rebellion and redemption was, for some reason known to God, part of the plan. Christ was present from the beginning and in Him we live and move and have our being.

via The Search for the Historical Adam 2 (RJS) | Jesus Creed.

My post is coming shortly…

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December 15th, 2010

Adam and Eve among the Ancient Interpreters

Depiction of Adam and Eve being cast out from ...
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Peter Enns has a post up dealing with some ancient interpretation of the nakedness of Adam and Eve.

During periods of cultural tension, where Jews were trying to maintain their own cultural identity, a naked Adam running around Eden came to be somewhat of a problem. The solution was an interpretive tradition where Adam and Eve were “clothed with glory” (or some similar phrase) from the very beginning—Adam and Eve were never really naked.

While this might not solve the Creation v Evolution Debate, it does show that Genesis 1 and 2 was being minded for interpretative measures and meanings, with those doing the work standing far afield of extreme literalism. And, their work was excepted. (I mean, read Philo for goodness sakes.)

Anyway, enjoy the post.

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October 19th, 2009

Jose Saramago – Bible a “handbook of bad morals”

Speaking at the launch of his new book “Cain”, Jose Saramago, who won the 1998 Nobel Prize for Literature, said society would probably be better off without the Bible.
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September 4th, 2008

Text Of Dr. Deborah Pitt’s Reply To Archbishop Rowan Williams

I am not a part of the Church of England; however, knowing the history of that denomination it bewilders me, and disgusts me, to see it falling for the lie that is homosexuality.

I found this letter floating in cyberspace and throughly enjoyed it, so I have posted it here. Dr. Pitt approaches the Archbishop of Canterbury with more grace than I would have, and yet she gets her point across.

Stand Firm | Text Of Dr. Deborah Pitt’s Reply To Archbishop Rowan Williams.

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